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What is a revenue village in land records?
A revenue village is the basic administrative unit of land revenue administration in India a distinct, named area within a taluka/tehsil that has its own set of land records, a revenue officer (Patwari/Talathi/Village Accountant), and a defined boundary. All land records RTC, 7/12, chitta, adangal are maintained at the revenue village level.
Structure of Revenue Administration
India's land revenue hierarchy: State → District → Taluka/Tehsil → Revenue Village. Every survey number belongs to a specific revenue village — which determines which office maintains its records.
Revenue Village vs. Census Village
- Revenue village: Defined for land revenue and administrative purposes may differ from census village boundaries.
- Census village: Defined for population census purposes.
Multiple hamlets or habitations may constitute a single revenue village for land record purposes.
Importance in Land Transactions
- All property searches begin at the revenue village level.
- Title documents (sale deeds) must correctly identify the revenue village.
- Mutation requests are made to the revenue officer of the specific village.
- Survey numbers without a correctly identified revenue village cannot be properly traced in records.
The revenue village is the foundational geographic unit for all land record keeping in India. Every land transaction must correctly identify the revenue village to enable proper tracing of records, mutation processing, and legal title verification. Errors in revenue village identification in property documents can create significant future complications.
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Indian PropTech Market: The $100 Billion Real Estate Tech Boom
Like a ship anchored to a familiar port, and hesitant to venture into new waters, India’s real estate sector too has remained fixated on traditional or legacy modes of operations for far too long. It now sits on the cusp of dramatic technological change, thanks to the debilitating impact of COVID-19, accelerated digital adoption and changing consumer behaviour. The global pandemic has cracked open the industry’s pain points, forcing market leaders to step up tech adoption to levels not witnessed before. The transformation in the country’s real estate landscape due to the application of new best practices has not only made businesses unrecognisable from their former avatar but also contributed to building up efficiencies and scale. The stage is therefore set for the overall Indian real estate market to grow to $1 trillion by 2030, from $200 billion in 2021. Amidst the ongoing upheaval, proptech or property technology, a subset of the industry, has emerged. Market reports show that Indian PropTech startup firms garnered more than $3.2 billion in funding across 255 deals between 2009 and 2021, underlining the huge success of the nationwide startup ecosystem initiated in 2015. Not only has there been a rise in the number of PropTech startups – from two in 2016 it has skyrocketed to an impressive 1,400 in 2022 – but substantial funding has been secured for such ventures pointing to growing investor confidence. Customer focus on increasing convenience, smart city initiatives, and the growth of the rental market is expected to further propel expansion of this sector. PropTech: The Savior! The growth of PropTech, which is essentially a marriage of property with technology, has led to critical real estate sector issues such as lack of transparency and trust. Adoption of PropTech is echoed across the entire real estate value chain including discovery, transaction, fulfilment, and utilisation. According to a report, more than 75% Buyers use digital channels to search homes, about 50% homebuyers use virtual tours before buying a property, 70% share of sales & marketing budget spent on digital strategies, 44% real estate agents use automated tools for lead generation and customer relationship management. In my view, the Midas Touch of digitisation and technology has significantly changed the face of the real estate industry, impacting the business operations of every stakeholder, including tenants, developers, brokers, and investors. Key categories of PropTech PropTech solutions are making an impact on rentals, distribution business and capital allocation. It impacts key stakeholders of developers, financers, channel partners, buyers, renters and property managers. PropTech 2030 will be a USD 100 billion opportunity emerging from solutioning of challenges and opportunities across these key stakeholders. It will encompass Construction Tech, Sales and marketing, Family rentals, Co-living, Co-working, Home services, Capital allocation and Land. The opportunity for PropTech in rental real estate stands at USD 14 billion which includes family rentals, co-living, co-working, home services and property management. The distribution of real estate will be a USD 23 billion and include sales and marketing, broker aggregation, CRM and lead generation businesses. The opportunity for capital stands at USD 4 billion including fractional ownership, neo reality investments, and loan recommendation services. Emerging Tech Continuing technological advancements have revolutionised and reshaped the nature of real estate operations and interaction with customers. This is reflected in improved transparency, efficiency, and empowerment of buyers and investors. It would be useful to look at the principal benefits of applying some of the solutions: Improved discovery: Digital transformation is facilitating the creation of online real estate marketplaces, connecting buyers, sellers, landlords, and tenants in real-time, making transactions faster, efficient, and location independent. Convenience of online tours: The use of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technology has ushered in the convenience of showcasing properties online for customers who cannot be physically present to view them. These apps not just help buyers take virtual tours of potential real estate from the comfort of homes but are embedded with features that allow for space visualisation and interior designing by overlaying digital information onto physical spaces. Personal real estate assistant at your service: Chatbots, which make use of AI-powered algorithms, further contribute to user convenience and experience by providing prompt responses and facilitating effective property searches. Personalised property recommendations based on customer preferences, budget, and location ensure customers can see properties that align with their specific needs. It is all about making informed decisions: The use of Big Data and predictive analysis offer insights into property values and investment opportunities, thus empowering buyers and investors to make informed decisions. Sustainability is the new black: There is growing public empathy about reducing carbon emissions for a green future, and PropTech fosters sustainability through various tools, which assess property health. Homes and offices are becoming smart with IoT-enabled devices enabling automation, energy efficiency, and security. Ease of managing transactions: Real estate transactions can be quite a tedious and overwhelming experience both for buyers and sellers leading some to become averse to going through the entire process. Blockchain technology streamlines property transactions by providing a secure and transparent platform for recording property ownership, managing contracts, and facilitating peer-to-peer transactions. Improved network: Digital transformation is facilitating the creation of online real estate marketplaces, connecting buyers, sellers, landlords, and tenants in real-time, making transactions faster, efficient, and location independent. Construction technology: These are exciting times for the real estate sector with constructors deploying various tools to raise the efficiency bar of projects. These include drones deployed to monitor construction, 3D Printing, aluminium formwork, and other technologies incorporated. Challenges and Opportunities for Businesses While PropTech holds immense prospects for India, the real estate industry has been found to move at a snail’s pace. If businesses are laggard at present, it largely owes to resistance from stakeholders hesitant to embrace digital innovations. Further, the sensitivity of customer data exposes market players to vulnerabilities, making the presence of robust data privacy and security measures crucial to establish customer trust. The other limitations include the high initial investments required for technology development. The collaboration gap between traditional real estate players and PropTech startups serves to stonewall the growth of PropTech businesses. Under the leadership of Hon' Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, India witnessed major policy push across four key areas, including the digitization of land records and real estate transactions under the Digital India Land Record Modernisation Programme (DILRMP), transparency in real estate transactions under demonetization and Goods and Services Tax implementation , regulation of real estate development and licensing of service providers under RERA (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016), and reforms of the rent control act under the Model Tenancy Act 2021. As a result of this and increased confidence on the Indian leadership, the sector has attracted USD 26.6 billion in foreign institutional inflows between 2017 and 2022. The good thing here is that a foundation has been laid to provide an environment conducive to growth. PropTech’s potential to further maximise its reach in the Indian real estate industry is immense. As technology continues to evolve, real estate technology firms will have greater opportunities to create transparency, efficiency, and customer-centricity in the market to drive the business forward. There is a greater need for industry players to realise that tech adoption is a necessity for growth and not just an option. Indeed, the winds of change are blowing. It’s about time India’s real estate ship, rigidly anchored in old legacies, sets sail towards a dynamic, more innovative, digital future. Embracing the PropTech revolution Considering the evolving real estate landscape, Aurum PropTech has developed an integrated ecosystem with a range of Technology, Services and Capital led solutions that address key industry challenges and opportunities. Through an integrated data strategy Aurum operates technology businesses rental real estate, buy and sell real estate sector and financing of real estate. With the right tools and systems in place, you can collect and track data about your properties and tenants, as well as gain valuable insights on market trends and other external factors that may impact your business. Aurum PropTech’s integrated ecosystem now collectively, boasts of 13+ products and services, 3,40,000 engaged customers, 2,000 crores plus GTV, 520 SaaS customers, 4,300 RaaS customers, 7,500+ channel partners, 600+ real estate developer relationships and a presence in 15 plus cities. The ecosystem is now structured under technology primarily encompassing enterprise tech, services – encompassing consumer tech and capital – focussing on fintech applications for real estate matrixed across the real estate value chain of development, monetization and consumption. For more information, visit www.aurumproptech.in
PropTech Pulse Editorial
15th February 2024
Digital Transformation
A letter from Albert Einstein in 2024 to young Albert
Dear Young Albert, I hope this letter finds you well, filled with the same curiosity and wonder that has always driven you. As I reflect on the world today, I can't help but think about how much has changed since my time, especially in the realm of communal living which might seem quite intriguing to you. You see, much like the principles of relativity that I delved into in my time, co-living operates on the idea of interconnectedness. Just as I discovered that the laws of physics are the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion, co-living emphasizes the equality and inclusivity of all residents. Regardless of background or circumstance, everyone contributes to and benefits from the community space. These co-living spaces foster a sense of belonging and support that is invaluable, especially in today's fast-paced world. Just as I contemplated the effects of gravity on the motion of celestial bodies, consider the "community gravity" within a co-living space — the connections and relationships that draw residents together, enriching their lives in ways they never thought possible. Moreover, in these co-living spaces, one finds a beautiful confluence of diversity. Each resident brings their own unique perspective, skills, and passions to the table. Just as I theorized that the curvature of spacetime depends on the distribution of mass and energy, the social "space" within a co-living community is shaped by the collective presence of its members. This diversity creates an environment ripe for collaboration, innovation, and personal growth. Young Albert, Technology has altered Co-living manifold enabling students and young professionals discover, access and live in shared spaces at a touch of their fingertips. We individuals, each with their unique stories, come together to create a community unlike any other. It's not just about sharing physical space; it's about sharing ideas, dreams, and aspirations. So, my dear young Albert, as I continue to explore the wonders of the universe co-living has given me an opportunity to connect with likeminded others, to learn from them, and to grow together. Remember that just as the universe is vast and ever-expanding, so too are the opportunities for meaningful connections and shared experiences in the world around you. With warm regards, Your Future Self
PropTech Pulse Editorial
15th March 2024
Technology and Innovation
Evolution of Customer Relationship Management tools
‘‘The purpose of a business is to create and keep a customer’’, Peter Drucker, a famous writer, and management consultant said prolifically. The realm of CRM scope covers customer discovery, interactions, service, care, retention, and loyalty. The term Customer Relationship Management (CRM) was coined in the early 1970s when management at business units realized it would be better to be customer emphatic rather than product emphatic. Customer relationship management tools has evolved gradually from Rolodex’s of 1950s to Generative AI in 2020. What started as a record-keeping tool gradually evolved into digital documentation, sales automation, enterprise resource planning, social marketing, to the present age hyper personalised automated communication form. 1956 - First CRM Gadget - Rolodex In 1956s, Danish engineer Hildaur Neilsen, chief engineer of Zephyr American invented Rolodex, a card index system used to store customer contact information. It was a desk gadget that stacked and stored business cards and index cards that people could spin and flip through. Digital Rolodex, Tele sales and advent of computers The 1980s saw an evolution in sales, marketing and customer retention tactics with the advent of digitisation. Tools such as direct mail, brochures, and product catalogues being sent to a database of customers to get them to buy something were prevalently used in the 1980s. Database marketing and digital Rolodex came to the fore. The late 1980s saw the advent of telesales for customer communication. Computers were also accessible for enterprises and became a means of storing information about customers. In 1987, the software programme ACT (Activity Control Technology) was created by Mike Sullivan and Mitch Muhney, officially known as the first CRM software. This was essentially a digital Rolodex that allowed storage and management of the entire customer lifecycle information on the software. With its usage of Customer Relationship Management software, Act! demonstrated the advantages of scalable software that utilized consumer information to help a firm better manage its connections. 1990 - Sales Automation and progression into CRM systems By 1990s, one saw a progression of database management into customer lifecycle management and sales force workflow automation. Tools like enterprise resource planning, and marketing were added to the software’s contact management functions. This was the emergence first CRM systems. Tom Siebel, founder of Sieble Systems, coined the term CRM (Customer Relationship Software) for the first time. The post-introduction of the same CRM took off exponentially, with other companies also providing CRM solutions. Siebel Systems was later acquired by Oracle for over USD 5 billion in 2005. Late 1900s - First Mobile CRM, SaaS business model and Salesforce Inc. Post invention of PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) devices, tasks, emails, and calendar management became mobile. It allowed sales individuals to access customer data from central databases on the go, which proved to be a game changer as one didn’t have to be on the desk to work out these tasks. Salesforce.com was launched in 1999 and offered a new business model, offering software services as subscriptions (SaaS), wherein the upfront implementation cost, effort, and maintenance would be taken care of by Salesforce. 2000 - Cloud based CRM, Open-Source CRM and Social CRM In 2007, internet boom and cloud storage led to the advent and proliferation of Cloud-based CRM. With the increased internet adoption, Salesforce’s subscription model became popular as it could be scaled up very quickly. Open-source software also came to the fore, with the most prominent one being Sugar CRM, invented by computer scientists and ex-IBM and Hewlett-Packard employees Clint Oram, John Roberts, and Jacob Taylor. With the increased proliferation, and exponential growth of social media platforms, CRMs were combined with social media tools to offer SCRM. 2010 - Artificial Intelligence and CRM Artificial intelligence (AI) has changed the CRM space substantially with automation and intelligence. AI can be used for lead scoring, identifying customer needs, and providing recommendations. With enormous data being generated across every consumer by way of their digital footprint, CRM with AI and data analytics makes it simple to extrapolate consumer behaviour and requirements in real-time. 2020 and Now - Generative AI Generative AI is a subset of AI but unique in its ability to learn from underlying patterns to create new data that mirrors the training data set. The power of creation has a multifold impact across industries, and consumer communication is only to benefit from this capability. Managing customer interactions with Gen AI has the potential to enable a better connection between brands and customers. This however requires creative ability to engage customers and ability to execute to deliver better performance results and employee experiences. A combination of Gen AI and CRM can impact functional domains of marketing, sales, commerce, service and customer success. The true potential of Gen AI can be unlocked best when used in combination with predictive AI, voice to text, experience management and workflow optimisation. The CRM journey has reached an interesting point with AI, and the future looks promising for this space. The Total Addressable Market is set to grow to USD 290 billion by 2026. Salesforce Inc, an early mover, and a global market leader grew 10x in revenue in a decade. In 2013, its revenue stood at USD 3.1 billion which stands at USD 34 billion in FY 2022. CRM, which started as a simple Rolodex, has evolved into a complex system laced with artificial intelligence that helps organisations manage customer data and engage them with it in a self-assisted automated format, bringing huge implications for cost, efficiency, and the experience of consumer communication. As we advance further into the coming decades, CRM software systems will become more intelligent, integrated and intuitive with powerful AI capabilities, greater emphasis on self-service, enhanced experience for customers, hyper-personalisation, integrated API networks and ecosystems, and a single source of truth for businesses. Peter Drucker will be smiling in his grave looking at the advancement in this space.
PropTech Pulse Editorial
12th April 2024
Investment Opportunities
Indian PropTech Market: The $100 Billion Real Estate Tech Boom
Like a ship anchored to a familiar port, and hesitant to venture into new waters, India’s real estate sector too has remained fixated on traditional or legacy modes of operations for far too long. It now sits on the cusp of dramatic technological change, thanks to the debilitating impact of COVID-19, accelerated digital adoption and changing consumer behaviour. The global pandemic has cracked open the industry’s pain points, forcing market leaders to step up tech adoption to levels not witnessed before. The transformation in the country’s real estate landscape due to the application of new best practices has not only made businesses unrecognisable from their former avatar but also contributed to building up efficiencies and scale. The stage is therefore set for the overall Indian real estate market to grow to $1 trillion by 2030, from $200 billion in 2021. Amidst the ongoing upheaval, proptech or property technology, a subset of the industry, has emerged. Market reports show that Indian PropTech startup firms garnered more than $3.2 billion in funding across 255 deals between 2009 and 2021, underlining the huge success of the nationwide startup ecosystem initiated in 2015. Not only has there been a rise in the number of PropTech startups – from two in 2016 it has skyrocketed to an impressive 1,400 in 2022 – but substantial funding has been secured for such ventures pointing to growing investor confidence. Customer focus on increasing convenience, smart city initiatives, and the growth of the rental market is expected to further propel expansion of this sector. PropTech: The Savior! The growth of PropTech, which is essentially a marriage of property with technology, has led to critical real estate sector issues such as lack of transparency and trust. Adoption of PropTech is echoed across the entire real estate value chain including discovery, transaction, fulfilment, and utilisation. According to a report, more than 75% Buyers use digital channels to search homes, about 50% homebuyers use virtual tours before buying a property, 70% share of sales & marketing budget spent on digital strategies, 44% real estate agents use automated tools for lead generation and customer relationship management. In my view, the Midas Touch of digitisation and technology has significantly changed the face of the real estate industry, impacting the business operations of every stakeholder, including tenants, developers, brokers, and investors. Key categories of PropTech PropTech solutions are making an impact on rentals, distribution business and capital allocation. It impacts key stakeholders of developers, financers, channel partners, buyers, renters and property managers. PropTech 2030 will be a USD 100 billion opportunity emerging from solutioning of challenges and opportunities across these key stakeholders. It will encompass Construction Tech, Sales and marketing, Family rentals, Co-living, Co-working, Home services, Capital allocation and Land. The opportunity for PropTech in rental real estate stands at USD 14 billion which includes family rentals, co-living, co-working, home services and property management. The distribution of real estate will be a USD 23 billion and include sales and marketing, broker aggregation, CRM and lead generation businesses. The opportunity for capital stands at USD 4 billion including fractional ownership, neo reality investments, and loan recommendation services. Emerging Tech Continuing technological advancements have revolutionised and reshaped the nature of real estate operations and interaction with customers. This is reflected in improved transparency, efficiency, and empowerment of buyers and investors. It would be useful to look at the principal benefits of applying some of the solutions: Improved discovery: Digital transformation is facilitating the creation of online real estate marketplaces, connecting buyers, sellers, landlords, and tenants in real-time, making transactions faster, efficient, and location independent. Convenience of online tours: The use of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technology has ushered in the convenience of showcasing properties online for customers who cannot be physically present to view them. These apps not just help buyers take virtual tours of potential real estate from the comfort of homes but are embedded with features that allow for space visualisation and interior designing by overlaying digital information onto physical spaces. Personal real estate assistant at your service: Chatbots, which make use of AI-powered algorithms, further contribute to user convenience and experience by providing prompt responses and facilitating effective property searches. Personalised property recommendations based on customer preferences, budget, and location ensure customers can see properties that align with their specific needs. It is all about making informed decisions: The use of Big Data and predictive analysis offer insights into property values and investment opportunities, thus empowering buyers and investors to make informed decisions. Sustainability is the new black: There is growing public empathy about reducing carbon emissions for a green future, and PropTech fosters sustainability through various tools, which assess property health. Homes and offices are becoming smart with IoT-enabled devices enabling automation, energy efficiency, and security. Ease of managing transactions: Real estate transactions can be quite a tedious and overwhelming experience both for buyers and sellers leading some to become averse to going through the entire process. Blockchain technology streamlines property transactions by providing a secure and transparent platform for recording property ownership, managing contracts, and facilitating peer-to-peer transactions. Improved network: Digital transformation is facilitating the creation of online real estate marketplaces, connecting buyers, sellers, landlords, and tenants in real-time, making transactions faster, efficient, and location independent. Construction technology: These are exciting times for the real estate sector with constructors deploying various tools to raise the efficiency bar of projects. These include drones deployed to monitor construction, 3D Printing, aluminium formwork, and other technologies incorporated. Challenges and Opportunities for Businesses While PropTech holds immense prospects for India, the real estate industry has been found to move at a snail’s pace. If businesses are laggard at present, it largely owes to resistance from stakeholders hesitant to embrace digital innovations. Further, the sensitivity of customer data exposes market players to vulnerabilities, making the presence of robust data privacy and security measures crucial to establish customer trust. The other limitations include the high initial investments required for technology development. The collaboration gap between traditional real estate players and PropTech startups serves to stonewall the growth of PropTech businesses. Under the leadership of Hon' Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, India witnessed major policy push across four key areas, including the digitization of land records and real estate transactions under the Digital India Land Record Modernisation Programme (DILRMP), transparency in real estate transactions under demonetization and Goods and Services Tax implementation , regulation of real estate development and licensing of service providers under RERA (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016), and reforms of the rent control act under the Model Tenancy Act 2021. As a result of this and increased confidence on the Indian leadership, the sector has attracted USD 26.6 billion in foreign institutional inflows between 2017 and 2022. The good thing here is that a foundation has been laid to provide an environment conducive to growth. PropTech’s potential to further maximise its reach in the Indian real estate industry is immense. As technology continues to evolve, real estate technology firms will have greater opportunities to create transparency, efficiency, and customer-centricity in the market to drive the business forward. There is a greater need for industry players to realise that tech adoption is a necessity for growth and not just an option. Indeed, the winds of change are blowing. It’s about time India’s real estate ship, rigidly anchored in old legacies, sets sail towards a dynamic, more innovative, digital future. Embracing the PropTech revolution Considering the evolving real estate landscape, Aurum PropTech has developed an integrated ecosystem with a range of Technology, Services and Capital led solutions that address key industry challenges and opportunities. Through an integrated data strategy Aurum operates technology businesses rental real estate, buy and sell real estate sector and financing of real estate. With the right tools and systems in place, you can collect and track data about your properties and tenants, as well as gain valuable insights on market trends and other external factors that may impact your business. Aurum PropTech’s integrated ecosystem now collectively, boasts of 13+ products and services, 3,40,000 engaged customers, 2,000 crores plus GTV, 520 SaaS customers, 4,300 RaaS customers, 7,500+ channel partners, 600+ real estate developer relationships and a presence in 15 plus cities. The ecosystem is now structured under technology primarily encompassing enterprise tech, services – encompassing consumer tech and capital – focussing on fintech applications for real estate matrixed across the real estate value chain of development, monetization and consumption. For more information, visit www.aurumproptech.in
PropTech Pulse Editorial
15th February 2024
Digital Transformation
A letter from Albert Einstein in 2024 to young Albert
Dear Young Albert, I hope this letter finds you well, filled with the same curiosity and wonder that has always driven you. As I reflect on the world today, I can't help but think about how much has changed since my time, especially in the realm of communal living which might seem quite intriguing to you. You see, much like the principles of relativity that I delved into in my time, co-living operates on the idea of interconnectedness. Just as I discovered that the laws of physics are the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion, co-living emphasizes the equality and inclusivity of all residents. Regardless of background or circumstance, everyone contributes to and benefits from the community space. These co-living spaces foster a sense of belonging and support that is invaluable, especially in today's fast-paced world. Just as I contemplated the effects of gravity on the motion of celestial bodies, consider the "community gravity" within a co-living space — the connections and relationships that draw residents together, enriching their lives in ways they never thought possible. Moreover, in these co-living spaces, one finds a beautiful confluence of diversity. Each resident brings their own unique perspective, skills, and passions to the table. Just as I theorized that the curvature of spacetime depends on the distribution of mass and energy, the social "space" within a co-living community is shaped by the collective presence of its members. This diversity creates an environment ripe for collaboration, innovation, and personal growth. Young Albert, Technology has altered Co-living manifold enabling students and young professionals discover, access and live in shared spaces at a touch of their fingertips. We individuals, each with their unique stories, come together to create a community unlike any other. It's not just about sharing physical space; it's about sharing ideas, dreams, and aspirations. So, my dear young Albert, as I continue to explore the wonders of the universe co-living has given me an opportunity to connect with likeminded others, to learn from them, and to grow together. Remember that just as the universe is vast and ever-expanding, so too are the opportunities for meaningful connections and shared experiences in the world around you. With warm regards, Your Future Self
PropTech Pulse Editorial
15th March 2024
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